Human detecting ROBOT for Earth quake rescue

             Human detecting Robot, PROJECT

Human detecting ROBOT for Earth quake rescue operation

Details description

1.1          INTRODUCTION

The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory.

 This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices,

 new drives and advanced control algorithms.

This Project deals with live personal detection, robot is based on 8 bit Microcontroller. This Robot follows which is drawn over the surface.

 Here we are using PIR sensor for detecting the human. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue.

Internally it consists of IR sensors. The infrared sensors are used to sense the live persons. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller.

In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller.

The Microcontroller is used to control the motors. It gets the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs.

 Two DC Gare motors are used to drive the robot.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. POWER SUPPLY

2. MICRO CONTRODLLER (AT89S52)

3. DC GARE MOTOR

4. RELAYS

5.PIR SENSOR

SIMULATION

TOOL: KEIL MICROVISION

LANGUAGE: EMBEDDED “C “LANGUAGE

1.2BLOCK DIAGRAM :

1.3 Flow chart and Algorithm

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Initialize micro controller

Step 3: Initialize motors

Step 4: Initialize PIR sensor

Step 5: Monitor PIR sensor

Step 6: If person detected

Buzzer on

motor rotates in specified direction

Step 7: Monitor PIR sensor

Step 8: Stop

CHAPTER 2

DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS

2.1 AT89S52

2.1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF 8051

In 1981, Intel corporation introduced an 8 bit microcontroller called 8051. this microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of chip ROM,

 two timers, one serial port, and four ports all on a single chip. At the time it was also referred as “ A SYSTEM ON A CHIP”

The 8051 is an 8-bit processor meaning that the CPU can work only on 8 bits data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8 bits pieces to be processed by the CPU.

 The 8051 has a total of four I\O ports each 8 bit wide.

There are many versions of 8051 with different speeds and amount of on-chip ROM and they are all compatible with the original 8051.

 this means that if you write a program for one it will run on any of them.

The 8051 is an original member of the 8051 family. There are two other

members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are 8052 and 8031. All the three

microcontrollers will have the same internal architecture, but they differ in the following

aspects.

• 8031 has 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.

• 8051 has 4K ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.

• 8052 has 8K ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, three timers and 8 interrupts.

Of the three microcontrollers, 8051 is the most preferable. Microcontroller supports both serial and parallel communication.

In the concerned project 8052 microcontroller is used. Here microcontroller used is AT89S52, which is manufactured by ATMEL laboratories.

NECESSITY OF MICROCONTROLLERS:

Microprocessors brought the concept of programmable devices and made many applications of intelligent equipment.

 Most applications, which do not need large amount of data and program memory, tended to be costly.

The microprocessor system had to satisfy the data and program requirements so, sufficient RAM and ROM are used to satisfy most applications

.The peripheral control equipment also had to be satisfied. Therefore, almost all-peripheral chips were used in the design.

 Because of these additional peripherals cost will be comparatively high.

An example:

8085 chip needs:

An Address latch for separating address from multiplex address and data.32-KB RAM and 32-KB ROM to be able to satisfy most applications.

As also Timer / Counter, Parallel programmable port, Serial port, and Interrupt controller are needed for its efficient applications.

In comparison a typical Micro controller 8051 chip has all that the 8051 board has except a reduced memory as follows.

4K bytes of ROM as compared to 32-KB, 128 Bytes of RAM as compared to 32-KB.

Bulky:

On comparing a board full of chips (Microprocessors) with one chip with all components in it (Microcontroller).

Debugging:

Lots of Microprocessor circuitry and program to debug. In Micro controller there is no Microprocessor circuitry to debug.

Slower Development time: As we have observed Microprocessors need a lot of debugging at board level and at program level, where as, Micro controller do not have

 the excessive circuitry and the built-in peripheral chips are easier to program for operation.

So peripheral devices like Timer/Counter, Parallel programmable port, Serial Communication Port, Interrupt controller and so on,

 which were most often used were integrated with the Microprocessor to present the Micro controller .RAM and ROM also were integrated in the same chip.

 The ROM size was anything from 256 bytes to 32Kb or more. RAM was optimized to minimum of 64 bytes to 256 bytes or more.

Microprocessor has following instructions to perform:

1. Reading instructions or data from program memory ROM.

2. Interpreting the instruction and executing it.

3. Microprocessor Program is a collection of instructions stored in a Nonvolatile memory.

4. Read Data from I/O device

5. Process the input read, as per the instructions read in program memory.

6. Read or write data to Data memory.

7. Write data to I/O device and output the result of processing to O/P device.

2.1.2 Introduction to AT89S52

The system requirements and control specifications clearly rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64 bit micro controllers or microprocessors.

 Systems using these may be earlier to implement due to large number of internal features.

 They are also faster and more reliable but, the above application is satisfactorily served by 8-bit micro controller.

 Using an inexpensive 8-bit Microcontroller will doom the 32-bit product failure in any competitive market place.

Coming to the question of why to use 89S52 of all the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the main answer would be because

it has 8kB Flash and 256 bytes of data RAM32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a Eight-vector two-level interrupt architecture,

a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.

In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.

 The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.

The Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.

 The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in Serial In-System Programming (ISP).

 The 89S52 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and

cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

2.1.3    FEATURES

Compatible with MCS-51® Products

• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

– Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles

• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

• Three-level Program Memory Lock

• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

• 32 Programmable I/O Lines

• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

• Eight Interrupt Sources

• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

• Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode

• Watchdog Timer

• Dual Data Pointer

-Power-off Flag

(Via a blog... If there are any mistakes, admin would not be responsible for that.)